歡迎訪(fǎng)問(wèn)中國科普資源名錄網(wǎng)！
會(huì )員登錄
音頻科普：意面問(wèn)題破解了
打賞
推廣
音頻科普：意面問(wèn)題破解了
?An intrepid undergrad led the way to understanding the physics of snapping strands of spaghetti.一個(gè)勇于探索的大學(xué)生，開(kāi)辟了一條求解意面的斷裂原理的新思路。
?
播音\撰文：卡倫·霍普金（Karen Hopkin）
翻譯：陳美娟
?
Physicists concern themselves with problems that are profound. The?origins of the universe, the?nature of time, the?composition of matter. And then, there’s spaghetti. A pasta problem has perplexed physicists as celebrated as?Richard Feynman, and has even been awarded an Ig Nobel prize. At issue:
物理學(xué)家一般會(huì )關(guān)注深刻的命題。例如宇宙的起源，時(shí)間的本質(zhì)，物質(zhì)的構成，以及，意面！“意面問(wèn)題”困住了一群像理查德·費曼（Richard Feynman）一樣的著(zhù)的名物理學(xué)家，該領(lǐng)域的研究成果甚至被評過(guò)搞笑諾貝爾獎（IgNoble Price）。
“Why?spaghetti?doesn’t break into two pieces. Why it breaks into three pieces or more.”
“為什么一根意面不能斷成兩段。為什么它只能斷成三段以上?！?/span>
Ronald Heisser, now a grad student at Cornell, decided to explore the misbehavior of spaghetti for an undergraduate math course he took at MIT.
羅納德·海瑟（Ronald Heisser）現在是康奈爾大學(xué)的一名研究生，他在麻省理工大學(xué)的一次本科數學(xué)上并決定研究意面這種“不聽(tīng)話(huà)”的表現。
Now, you may never have noticed it, but it’s nearly impossible to break a single, dry piece of spaghetti in half. Feynman allegedly noodled with the puzzle. And Heisser became similarly possessed.
你可能永遠不會(huì )注意到這個(gè)現象，不過(guò)想要把一根干意面條折成一半幾乎是不可能的。據說(shuō)費曼一直糾結著(zhù)這個(gè)謎，而海瑟也經(jīng)歷過(guò)相似的過(guò)程。
“I’m a little bit of a contrarian person. So I thought it would be fun to try and break it into two. ‘Cause no one said you couldn’t do that. They just said why it doesn’t break into two.”
“我是一個(gè)有點(diǎn)叛逆的人。我想，試著(zhù)把面條折成兩段會(huì )很好玩。因為沒(méi)人說(shuō)過(guò)你不能把意面折成兩段。他們只是說(shuō)為什么意面折不成兩段?！?/span>
In fact, the French researchers who were awarded the Ig Nobel prize in 2006 found that when spaghetti is bent evenly from both ends it will crack near the center, where the stick is most curved. But this initial break sets up a vibrational wave that quickly fractures the rod further. So you get multiple fragments.
事實(shí)上，2006年獲得“搞笑諾貝爾獎”的法國研究者發(fā)現，將意面從距離兩端點(diǎn)相同的位置彎折的時(shí)候裂口離中心很近，此處面條達到最彎。但是折斷之后引發(fā)的振動(dòng)波迅速讓斷裂加劇。這就是最后你得到不止兩截面條的原因。
What Heisser wondered was whether he could somehow get around this vibrational “snapback” effect. And he found you have to do the twist.?Heisser built a device for torquing his pasta with precision and he observed the resulting fragmentation with a high-speed camera. He discovered that introducing a twist of around 360 degrees to the long strand allowed him to produce the desired single pair of pasta pieces.
海瑟想知道他是否能設法繞開(kāi)這種震動(dòng)“反彈”效應。而他發(fā)現必須要制造扭曲的狀態(tài)才可以。海瑟制造了一個(gè)裝置用來(lái)精確地扭轉他的意大利面，并用高速攝影機觀(guān)察由此產(chǎn)生的碎片。他發(fā)現當一長(cháng)條意面扭轉到360度時(shí)就能制造出他想要的單對意面段。
That’s where?Vishal Patil, a grad student in mathematics at MIT, comes in:
這就是另一個(gè)麻省理工數學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)研究生維薩爾·帕蒂爾（Vishal Patil）加入的原因：
“So I first heard about this spaghetti problem from coauthors Ronald Heisser and Professor?J?rn Dunkel?when I first arrived at MIT…and after hearing about this problem, I became interested in developing mathematical models for the fracture of this elastic rod. And in particular, to see if using this model you could find out ways to control the fracture in the rod.”
“當我來(lái)到麻省第一次從合著(zhù)者羅納德·海瑟和約翰恩·鄧克爾（J?rn Dunkel）教授那里聽(tīng)說(shuō)這個(gè)意面問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，我就對建造這種有彈性面條折斷時(shí)的數學(xué)模型非常感興趣，尤其是想利用這種模型找到控制折斷它的方法。”
Controlling fractures is a big issue in materials science and could have applications in everything from the design of highways and bridges to the engineering of nanotubes.
在材料科學(xué)上，控制折斷反應是一個(gè)大的課題，它有從高速公路設計到納米管的各類(lèi)工程上的廣泛應用。
Patil’s modeling showed that twisting the spaghetti dampens the snapback effect. That’s because once the twisted stick is broken, it will try to unwind. This rapid unwinding creates a “twisting wave” that basically blocks the vibrational snapback wave, leaving the spaghetti in two clean pieces. The work is served up in the?Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Ronald H. Heisser et al.,?Controlling fracture cascades through twisting and quenching]
帕蒂爾的模型顯示，扭轉意面能抑制回彈反應。這是因為一旦被扭轉的面條破裂，它就會(huì )舒展開(kāi)。這種迅速的舒展反應制造了能阻斷振動(dòng)回彈波的“扭轉波”，因此讓意面利落地斷成兩截。這項研究發(fā)表在《國家科學(xué)學(xué)報》上。
VP: “Although the project was a bit of fun I think it’s quite nice when you can find interesting physics and maths lurking behind everyday, mundane objects.”
維薩爾·帕蒂爾說(shuō)：“盡管這個(gè)研究項目聽(tīng)著(zhù)有點(diǎn)不正經(jīng)，我覺(jué)得能從每天的日常生活中發(fā)現隱藏的物理和數學(xué)現象還是很棒的?！?/span>
關(guān)注【深圳科普】微信公眾號，在對話(huà)框：
回復【最新活動(dòng)】，了解近期科普活動(dòng)
回復【科普行】，了解最新深圳科普行活動(dòng)
回復【研學(xué)營(yíng)】，了解最新科普研學(xué)營(yíng)
回復【科普課堂】，了解最新科普課堂
回復【科普書(shū)籍】，了解最新科普書(shū)籍
回復【團體定制】，了解最新團體定制活動(dòng)
回復【科普基地】，了解深圳科普基地詳情
回復【觀(guān)鳥(niǎo)知識】，學(xué)習觀(guān)鳥(niǎo)相關(guān)科普知識
回復【博物學(xué)院】，了解更多博物學(xué)院活動(dòng)詳情
?
?An intrepid undergrad led the way to understanding the physics of snapping strands of spaghetti.一個(gè)勇于探索的大學(xué)生，開(kāi)辟了一條求解意面的斷裂原理的新思路。
?
播音\撰文：卡倫·霍普金（Karen Hopkin）
翻譯：陳美娟
?
Physicists concern themselves with problems that are profound. The?origins of the universe, the?nature of time, the?composition of matter. And then, there’s spaghetti. A pasta problem has perplexed physicists as celebrated as?Richard Feynman, and has even been awarded an Ig Nobel prize. At issue:
物理學(xué)家一般會(huì )關(guān)注深刻的命題。例如宇宙的起源，時(shí)間的本質(zhì)，物質(zhì)的構成，以及，意面！“意面問(wèn)題”困住了一群像理查德·費曼（Richard Feynman）一樣的著(zhù)的名物理學(xué)家，該領(lǐng)域的研究成果甚至被評過(guò)搞笑諾貝爾獎（IgNoble Price）。
“Why?spaghetti?doesn’t break into two pieces. Why it breaks into three pieces or more.”
“為什么一根意面不能斷成兩段。為什么它只能斷成三段以上?！?/span>
Ronald Heisser, now a grad student at Cornell, decided to explore the misbehavior of spaghetti for an undergraduate math course he took at MIT.
羅納德·海瑟（Ronald Heisser）現在是康奈爾大學(xué)的一名研究生，他在麻省理工大學(xué)的一次本科數學(xué)上并決定研究意面這種“不聽(tīng)話(huà)”的表現。
Now, you may never have noticed it, but it’s nearly impossible to break a single, dry piece of spaghetti in half. Feynman allegedly noodled with the puzzle. And Heisser became similarly possessed.
你可能永遠不會(huì )注意到這個(gè)現象，不過(guò)想要把一根干意面條折成一半幾乎是不可能的。據說(shuō)費曼一直糾結著(zhù)這個(gè)謎，而海瑟也經(jīng)歷過(guò)相似的過(guò)程。
“I’m a little bit of a contrarian person. So I thought it would be fun to try and break it into two. ‘Cause no one said you couldn’t do that. They just said why it doesn’t break into two.”
“我是一個(gè)有點(diǎn)叛逆的人。我想，試著(zhù)把面條折成兩段會(huì )很好玩。因為沒(méi)人說(shuō)過(guò)你不能把意面折成兩段。他們只是說(shuō)為什么意面折不成兩段?！?/span>
In fact, the French researchers who were awarded the Ig Nobel prize in 2006 found that when spaghetti is bent evenly from both ends it will crack near the center, where the stick is most curved. But this initial break sets up a vibrational wave that quickly fractures the rod further. So you get multiple fragments.
事實(shí)上，2006年獲得“搞笑諾貝爾獎”的法國研究者發(fā)現，將意面從距離兩端點(diǎn)相同的位置彎折的時(shí)候裂口離中心很近，此處面條達到最彎。但是折斷之后引發(fā)的振動(dòng)波迅速讓斷裂加劇。這就是最后你得到不止兩截面條的原因。
What Heisser wondered was whether he could somehow get around this vibrational “snapback” effect. And he found you have to do the twist.?Heisser built a device for torquing his pasta with precision and he observed the resulting fragmentation with a high-speed camera. He discovered that introducing a twist of around 360 degrees to the long strand allowed him to produce the desired single pair of pasta pieces.
海瑟想知道他是否能設法繞開(kāi)這種震動(dòng)“反彈”效應。而他發(fā)現必須要制造扭曲的狀態(tài)才可以。海瑟制造了一個(gè)裝置用來(lái)精確地扭轉他的意大利面，并用高速攝影機觀(guān)察由此產(chǎn)生的碎片。他發(fā)現當一長(cháng)條意面扭轉到360度時(shí)就能制造出他想要的單對意面段。
That’s where?Vishal Patil, a grad student in mathematics at MIT, comes in:
這就是另一個(gè)麻省理工數學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)研究生維薩爾·帕蒂爾（Vishal Patil）加入的原因：
“So I first heard about this spaghetti problem from coauthors Ronald Heisser and Professor?J?rn Dunkel?when I first arrived at MIT…and after hearing about this problem, I became interested in developing mathematical models for the fracture of this elastic rod. And in particular, to see if using this model you could find out ways to control the fracture in the rod.”
“當我來(lái)到麻省第一次從合著(zhù)者羅納德·海瑟和約翰恩·鄧克爾（J?rn Dunkel）教授那里聽(tīng)說(shuō)這個(gè)意面問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，我就對建造這種有彈性面條折斷時(shí)的數學(xué)模型非常感興趣，尤其是想利用這種模型找到控制折斷它的方法。”
Controlling fractures is a big issue in materials science and could have applications in everything from the design of highways and bridges to the engineering of nanotubes.
在材料科學(xué)上，控制折斷反應是一個(gè)大的課題，它有從高速公路設計到納米管的各類(lèi)工程上的廣泛應用。
Patil’s modeling showed that twisting the spaghetti dampens the snapback effect. That’s because once the twisted stick is broken, it will try to unwind. This rapid unwinding creates a “twisting wave” that basically blocks the vibrational snapback wave, leaving the spaghetti in two clean pieces. The work is served up in the?Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Ronald H. Heisser et al.,?Controlling fracture cascades through twisting and quenching]
帕蒂爾的模型顯示，扭轉意面能抑制回彈反應。這是因為一旦被扭轉的面條破裂，它就會(huì )舒展開(kāi)。這種迅速的舒展反應制造了能阻斷振動(dòng)回彈波的“扭轉波”，因此讓意面利落地斷成兩截。這項研究發(fā)表在《國家科學(xué)學(xué)報》上。
VP: “Although the project was a bit of fun I think it’s quite nice when you can find interesting physics and maths lurking behind everyday, mundane objects.”
維薩爾·帕蒂爾說(shuō)：“盡管這個(gè)研究項目聽(tīng)著(zhù)有點(diǎn)不正經(jīng)，我覺(jué)得能從每天的日常生活中發(fā)現隱藏的物理和數學(xué)現象還是很棒的?！?/span>
關(guān)注【深圳科普】微信公眾號，在對話(huà)框：
回復【最新活動(dòng)】，了解近期科普活動(dòng)
回復【科普行】，了解最新深圳科普行活動(dòng)
回復【研學(xué)營(yíng)】，了解最新科普研學(xué)營(yíng)
回復【科普課堂】，了解最新科普課堂
回復【科普書(shū)籍】，了解最新科普書(shū)籍
回復【團體定制】，了解最新團體定制活動(dòng)
回復【科普基地】，了解深圳科普基地詳情
回復【觀(guān)鳥(niǎo)知識】，學(xué)習觀(guān)鳥(niǎo)相關(guān)科普知識
回復【博物學(xué)院】，了解更多博物學(xué)院活動(dòng)詳情
?
聽(tīng)說(shuō)，打賞我的人最后都找到了真愛(ài)。
近期活動(dòng)
深i科普
掃描關(guān)注深i科普公眾號
做科普，我們是認真的！
掃描關(guān)注深i科普公眾號
加入科普活動(dòng)群
- 參加最新科普活動(dòng)
- 認識科普小朋友
- 成為科學(xué)小記者
下一篇：音頻科普：不再讓菠蘿渣成為垃圾
中國科普資源名錄網(wǎng)
地址
深圳市福田區上步中路1003號 深圳科學(xué)館701
中國科普資源名錄 ?版權所有 粵ICP備19122314號